Specifications
Excavators Category Spec Sheet
Excavators are heavy construction machines used for various tasks, primarily digging, demolition, and material handling. Key specifications typically revolve around their engine power, hydraulic system performance, and overall operating capabilities, which dictate their suitability for different job sites and project scales.
AI-updated monthly · Last refresh 7/18/2026
Specifications by system
Engine
Horsepower20-800 hpHigher horsepower generally means greater digging force and faster cycle times.
Engine TypeDieselAlmost exclusively diesel-powered for heavy-duty applications.
Fuel Tank Capacity20-250 US GallonsImpacts refueling frequency during long shifts.
Hydraulics
Max Flow Rate10-250 gpmDetermines the speed and power of hydraulic functions.
Max System Pressure3,000-5,500 psiHigher pressure often translates to greater breakout force.
Auxiliary Hydraulic Flow5-150 gpmCrucial for operating attachments like hammers or mulchers.
Dimensions
Overall Length (transport)10-50 ftImportant for transportation planning and job site access.
Overall Width (transport)5-15 ftAffects trailer requirements and maneuverability.
Overall Height (transport)6-15 ftConsideration for overhead clearances during transport.
Tail Swing Radius3-15 ftSmaller radius indicates full-size, reduced, or zero tail swing for confined spaces.
Operating
Operating Weight2,000-200,000 lbsIncludes machine, full fuel, and standard operator.
Max Digging Depth6-50 ftThe primary performance indicator for excavation tasks.
Max Reach at Ground Level12-70 ftDetermines how far the machine can dig or load horizontally.
Bucket Capacity0.01-15 cubic yardsInfluences productivity; varies significantly by machine size and application.
Maximum Travel Speed1-3.5 mphExcavators are not fast-moving machines, speed is less critical than power.
Undercarriage/Chassis
Track Width12-40 inchesWider tracks provide better stability and flotation on soft ground.
Ground Clearance1-3 ftImportant for operating on uneven terrain or over obstacles.
Track Shoe TypeTriple Grouser, Single Grouser, Rubber TracksSelection depends on terrain and ground pressure requirements.
Cab
Climate ControlAC/Heat standardEssential for operator comfort during long shifts.
Visibility360-degree, cameras optionalSafety feature, especially on busy job sites.
Weight classes
| Class | Weight range | Typical use |
|---|---|---|
| Mini/Compact | under 13,000 lbs | landscaping, utility work, residential projects, interior demolition |
| Mid-Size | 13,000 - 45,000 lbs | general construction, road building, site preparation, smaller commercial projects |
| Standard/Large | 45,000 - 100,000 lbs | heavy construction, large-scale earthmoving, quarrying, major infrastructure |
| Mass Excavation | over 100,000 lbs | mining, significant quarry operations, very large dam or tunnel projects |
Common attachments
Digging BucketGrading/Cleaning BucketHydraulic Breaker/HammerGrappleAugerCompactor PlateShearTilting Quick CouplerBrush Cutter/MulcherRip-per
Typical price ranges
Used older
$15,000 - $75,000High hours, basic features, potentially some required repairs.
Used newer
$75,000 - $250,000Lower hours, modern features, good condition.
New compact/small
$50,000 - $150,000Brand new, warranties, latest technology.
New mid-size/large
$150,000 - $800,000+Top-tier machines, advanced hydraulics, and operator comforts.
Buyer tip: Always verify specific project requirements against machine specifications for optimal performance and safety. Consider factors like terrain, digging depth, material density, and transport logistics when selecting an excavator.